Baal (Hebrew baal, from the Phoenician baal, "owner," "lord"), among ancient Semitic peoples, name of innumerable local gods controlling fertility of the soil and of domestic animals. Because the various Baals were not everywhere conceived as identical, they may not be regarded as local variations of the same deity. In the plural, Baalim means idols or Baals collectively. The name Baal formed a part of the names of various gods, as Baal-berith (the lord of the covenant) of the Shechemites, and Baalzebub (the lord of flies) of the Philistines.
The Hebrews learned the worship of Baal from the agricultural Canaanites. Except for the offerings of fruits and the first born of cattle, little is known of the rites employed. Canaanite shrines were little more than altars with the symbol of the Canaanite and Hebrew female deity Ashtoreth set beside them. Sacred pillars were often erected near the altars. These shrines were objects of Yahweh's wrath (Leviticus 26:30; Psalm 78:58).
The Israelites were commanded to destroy them on entering the land of Canaan (Numbers 33:52; Deuteronomy 33:29), but the shrines were eliminated completely only under King Hezekiah in the 7th century BC. The name Baal was compounded with many Hebrew, Chaldean, Phoenician, and Carthaginian personal and place-names, such as Baalbek, Ethbaal, Jezebel, Hasdrubal, and Hannibal.